Washington State Water Distribution Manager (WDM) 1 Certification Practice Exam

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• Which term describes groundwater rights shared among users based on proportion?
• Which component's submersion presents a cross-connection risk in backflow prevention devices?
• An 8.0-in.-diameter pipeline needs to be flushed. If the desired length of pipeline to be flushed is 145 ft, how many minutes will it take to flush the line 3 times at 45 gpm?
• Which test is commonly used as an indicator of possible drinking water contamination?
• This measurement can provide a sensitive measure of water quality in the distribution system.
• To establish a baseline for energy use, a water utility should have at least how many months of energy and cost data?
• Nitrification can lead to disinfectant residual decay and result in growth of bacteria and an ______.
• What agency or regulation determines the frequency of testing and maintenance for a double check valve assembly?
• hydrants should be set back from the curb at least how many feet?
• ANSI/NSF standard covers materials that come into contact with potable water.
• The relief valve on the discharge side of a pump is for what purpose?
• Which organization mandated vulnerability assessments for large water utilities?
• Which material is typically used for long-distance transmission mains?
• To ensure there are no voids or high spots in the bedding of a trench, the operator should use _________.
• The unit used for water velocity in the head loss calculation is what?
• In general, which type of distribution system piping tends to have exposed piping?
• In slug method disinfection, the required chlorine concentration and contact time are?
• A well has a depth of 306.1 ft. If the depth to water is 124.7 ft, what is the pressure in psi at 5.8 ft above the bottom? Disregard the additional atmospheric pressure in the well.
• Where should vibration readings be taken?
• Where is the seat ring mounted in hydrants or valves?
• Most backflow incidents that cause health problems involve
• Records of turbidity analysis must be kept for at least how many years?
• Which valves are most often used where pressure is relatively high and positive shutoff is required, such as the discharge of a high lift pump?
• hydrants should be set back from the curb at least how many feet?
• This type of valve is not designed to regulate or throttle water flow.
• Which interval is a typical recommended maintenance frequency for cleaning and inspecting water storage tanks?
• What type of pump is commonly called a can pump?
• In extremely cold conditions, meter pits are sometimes constructed with what to provide added insulation?
• Which valve, if closed too fast, would cause serious water hammer compared to the others listed?
• In ____________ systems, ____________ formation is limited.
• The main reason to test hydrants and record all information is to
• Flare fittings can be used with copper tubing, iron pipe thread, and plastic pipe. Which material is NOT listed as compatible?
• Throttling the discharge valve to approximately system flow should be done when?
• If a meter is oversized, what could occur?
• During pipe disinfection, the chlorine solution is usually injected through a ______ at the point where the new main connects to the existing system.
• Which chemical decreases corrosion rates?
• What unit is used to express flow in million gallons per day?
• What can reduce the friction between the packing rings and the pump shaft?
• A pipe resting on a rock may break if it is weak in which strength types?
• This chemical feed method of dechlorination has the best reproducible results.
• Approximately how many gallons does the tank hold when full?
• Convert 2.85 MG to gallons.
• What external coating is usually used to protect ducile iron pipe?
• The most common meter register records the flow in _________
• After a new pipe has been laid in a trench, it should first be __________.
• A 10.0 in main line needs to be flushed. If one volume of 310 ft section of the pipeline was flushed through a fire hydrant for 15 min, what was the flushing rate in gallons per minute?
• Which unit is commonly used to express the chlorinator output rate for chemical feeders?
• Starting on the discharge side of a pump and moving outward, what components are used?
• What type of relay is mostly used to detect a power loss and initiate a switchover to another power source?
• A new 24.0 in diameter pipe 1,248 ft long was installed, with 64.5% calcium hypochlorite tablets taped to the top. If a total of 12.25 lb were used, what was the dosage as calcium hypochlorite purity?
• What utility line will most likely not be moved for a water utility installing a new water main?
• Valves stored outside in freezing climates should be ________ and have their disks in a ________ position.
• What will the loss of pressure in a water system possibly cause besides compromising fire fighting capabilities?
• During an extended water outage, which pipeline materials are approved for temporary connections?
• What tool removes the fines after well surging?
• Why might some lead pipe crack if flexed as it ages?
• For the chlorinate and fill method, the chlorinated water must stay in contact with the storage facility for how long before filling?
• Under the Revised Total Coliform Rule, which two terms describe the indicator used to assess potential contamination pathways into the distribution system?
• The design of a pipeline network should minimize what feature to improve hydraulics?
• What is the smallest particle that still retains the characteristics of an element?
• The AWWA will ______
• If a trench is 112 ft long, 4.5 ft wide, 5.9 ft deep, how many cubic yards of soil were excavated?
• In a pressure reducing valve, the two upper operating chambers are sealed from each other by a
• When traffic control is required for a pipe repair, the cone taper length depends on which factor?
• If water flows out of a new well that taps an aquifer without the help of the pump, it is called a
• What type of joint is available in both bolted and boltless flexible pipe joint designs?
• An advantage of ________ hydrants is that there is no flow of water from a broken hydrant.
• In a pipe installation that is not yet complete, the open end should be __________
• Another name for shielding is?
• Why is it advantageous to perform a hydrant flushing program at night aside from causing less traffic disruption?
• Long radius bends for steel pipe can also be made in smaller sized pipe by the use of _____________.
• When calculating hydrostatic pressure in a well, which factor is disregarded?
• What type of mechanical pipe cleaning unit is used to scrub the inside of pipelines?
• A 10 in main line needs to be flushed. if the desired length of the pipeline to be flushed is 1,625 ft, how many minutes will it take to flush the line at 50 gpm?
• Which valve is specifically designed for connecting a new water main to an existing pressurized main?
• Which unit is used to express the diameter of the distribution pipe in the example?
• Nitrate exposure in drinking water is associated with which health effect?
• What is used as an indicator to determine possible contamination in the drinking water?
• Surface water is typically repumped after treatment to achieve what?
• In the slug method for disinfecting a pipe, what minimum chlorine concentration and contact time are required?
• RPZ stands for what in backflow prevention terminology?
• Water rights acquired by means of diverting and putting the water to beneficial use following procedures established by state statutes or courts would be _________.
• The ISO recommends that non-looped water mains connected to fire hydrants have a diameter of at least how many inches?
• The ability of water to hold dissolved oxygen (DO) is
• What is the purpose of flushing a newly installed pipe?
• Apparent water losses are typically caused by which of the following?
• In trench backfill compaction, which backfill should be compacted if native soil is used and is relatively dense?
• The operating valve for a dry barrel fire hydrant is located?
• Which entity can assume primacy for implementing federal drinking water regulations at the state level?
• What was the primary reason the USEPA promulgated the final Ground Water Rule in October 2006?
• When testing positive displacement meters for accuracy, how many different flows are usually used?
• On a pump performance curve, which parameter is plotted on the horizontal axis, and which are plotted on the vertical axis?
• HAA5 and TTHM are examples of which drinking water concern?
• Which statement best describes trench bottom compaction in relation to pipe support?
• If a storage tank is not tall enough to accept full system pressure without overflowing, what is installed, and how is the flow out of this tank usually described?
• Most violations of water regulations are caused by which factor?
• If 18 lb soda ash are mixed with 75 gal water, what is the slurry concentration when the water volume is increased to 150 gal while keeping 18 lb?
• Which three factors determine the size of a service pipe?
• Bare pigs are used as the first cleaning pig in a main cleaning sequence.
• What is the measure of the ability of a material to bend without breaking?
• Approximately how many gallons are in the tank when it is 10% full?
• Pesticides that enter the distribution system via a cross connection can cause which of the following health effects?
• Over time, what can cause damage to the pipeline and equipment because it occurs so frequently?
• Before installing the sleeve around the break of a main pipe, what should be done?
• Some water storage tanks have aviation warning lights on them. The FAA regulations require the bulbs to be replaced before they reach what percentage of their normal life expectancy?
• What is effective height?
• What should the setting be on a chlorinator in pounds per day if the dosage desired is 3.25 mg/L and the pumping rate from the well is 735 gpm?
• Ground probing radar has disadvantages include condition-dependent effectiveness, requirement for expert interpretation, and cost.
• What is the pool volume in cubic feet for the dimensions 32 ft by 21 ft by 5.4 ft?
• On a pump curve, which axis represents capacity?
• It is of greatest importance that chemicals used to treat water do not cause _____ .
• Venturi meters are accurate for ______, have __________ friction loss, require ____________, and have long been used for measuring flows in _______.
• Why are bypass valves often included within large gate valves?
• Compared to PVC, polyethylene pipe is
• The Total Coliform Rule requires ________ sampling at each distribution sampling point.
• Which facilities require the highest level of cross-connection and backflow protection?
• For communities with a population under 50,000, what is usually the determining factor in sizing mains, storage facilities, and pumping facilities?
• Which nozzle size configuration is typical for most fire hydrants, with the larger nozzle used for the pumper suction hose?
• A water storage tank with no interior coating has a cathodic protected system installed. What will happen to the anodes?
• Chloramine residuals can undergo which process over time, releasing which compound, that can promote nitrification?
• The five-sided component on the top of a hydrant is the
• Meters that are 1.5 and 2 inches in size most commonly use which type of pipe coupling?
• Which type of pump uses closely meshed gears, vanes, or lobes?
• ____________ have a major impact on the reliability of the distribution system to deliver an uninterrupted supply.
• What is the most important measurement of water quality in the distribution system?
• Thrust anchors are usually used when what condition exists?
• What type of potential cross connection hazard would a garden hose connected to a chemical dispenser create?
• Which type of pipe is the most difficult to tap and repair?
• For a disinfection profile, annual distribution levels for TTHM and HAA5 at 0.64 mg/L and 0.40 mg/L respectively require daily log inactivation of which organism?
• In the pH range 6-9, dissolved inorganic carbon should be greater than how many mg/L?
• Which material is no longer acceptable for drinking water service lines?
• In general, The rate of chlorine application for disinfecting a newly installed pipe should result in a uniform free chlorine concentration of ______ at the end of the section being treated.
• A pressure reducing valve has two upper operating chambers sealed from each other by a
• This type of pipe is no longer installed in the US.
• Which pipe type is associated with requiring special fittings due to limited options?
• Which item is a major security-related physical component in vulnerability assessments?
• Which population threshold is commonly used for vulnerability assessment requirements?
• A velocity-type flow meter would most likely be which technology?
• A cylindrical storage tank with a 105 ft diameter and 32.5 ft height is filled to 10%. If 12.5% sodium hypochlorite solution is used, approximately how many gallons are needed?
• Which feature is used to isolate an area inside a sewage treatment plant to prevent contamination?
• Who is required to correct workplace hazards?
• In what year did the USEPA promulgate the final Ground Water Rule?
• Which statement best describes trench bedding material for pipe installations?
• In trenchless main replacement, which installation system is used?
• Small drilling machines are used to connect service lines ______ or smaller.
• The fuel level in emergency generators needs to be monitored very frequently, especially for ____________ because running out of fuel can cause major damage to the ___________ systems.
• In utilities using chloramine, which parameter is used as a nitrification indicator?
• During an extremely severe winter, frost may penetrate how many times deeper than the average winter frost depth?
• In the pH range used to minimize lead leaching from water distribution systems, which pH range is specified?
• Which soil property is most associated with corrosion potential?
• The lowest minimum pressure in distribution systems in many states is typically what value?
• In the meter reading example, what unit is used for the measurements?
• 45 pounds of soda ash is dissolved in 155 gal of water to produce a desired concentration. How many pounds of soda ash are needed to make the same desired concentration if exactly 100 gal of water is used?
• One advantage of this arrangement is that the valve cannot ____ from the hydrant.
• When digging in firm soil, there is a tendency to make the trench too _______
• Electronic listening devices for locating leaks are most effectively used with which component?
• PVC can use bends, tees, and other fittings for ________________ because they have the same outside diameter.
• How are the metal parts on concrete pipe protected from corrosion?
• 315 gallons per minute is approximately how many cubic feet per second?
• Which statement about dissolved oxygen in water is true?
• Which statement is true about installation systems used for trenchless main replacement?
• When water is being pumped from a well and the water table drops, this is known as?
• Large motors are usually operated at
• Which device is specifically used to prevent pipe collapse during emptying and is often installed to relieve air and vacuum?
• Ground probing radar has a disadvantage of
• After bacteriological tests, the chlorine residual in the discharged water should be no greater than the feed water.
• Records indicate that the greatest number of accidents in the water industry involve __________
• Prestressed, steel cylinder piping is a type of what?
• Which property does pH specifically describe in water quality?
• What pressure is recommended for testing a hydrant?
• What type of pipe joint permits flexible pipe alignment, is inexpensive to manufacture, and is easy to assemble?
• Which health effects would metals entering the distribution system via cross-connections cause?
• What is the unit used for the specific yield in the drawdown example?
• What type of valve is used only when service is initiated or discontinued?
• A 10.0 in diameter distribution pipe delivers 1,287,000 gal of water in exactly 24 hours. What is the average flow during the 24 hours in feet per second?
• Which thresholds trigger the disinfection profile for TTHM and HAA5 as discussed, with Giardia lamblia daily inactivation?
• Pipe B (2,655 ft, 1.5 ft diameter) alone contributes approximately how many gallons?
• In a major leak, the first consideration is to
• Which statement is true regarding consumer confidence reports (CCR) requirements under federal regulation?
• Which thread type is described as having a larger diameter and steeper taper, giving it greater strength than the iron-pipe thread?
• Which dichlorination method has the disadvantages of possible overdosing, under dosing, and being hard to tell when the chemical has been depleted?
• Pipe A (489 ft, 2.0 ft diameter) alone contributes approximately how many gallons when calculating distribution system volumes?
• If velocity is 2.85 ft/s in an 8.0 inch pipe, what will the velocity be in a 10.0 inch pipe when the same flow is maintained?
• Which disinfection method limits HAA5 formation?
• What provides the most reliable, flexiable method of controlling access to a facility?
• If a pipe disinfection test fails to meet minimum standards during the first test, what should be done?
• Which instrument is used to check the level or condition of engine coolant in an internal combustion engine?
• Under the Ground Water Rule, high-risk systems must achieve what log inactivation of viruses?
• Compliance with the AWWA standards is __________, and products __________ AWWA approved.
• In turbine meters, the metered volume is determined by revolutions of which component?
• What type of booster pump is generally used in water distribution pumping?
• The amount of metal removed from a pipe wall is _________ to the magnitude of the current flowing in the corrosion cell.
• During disinfection of a newly installed pipe, achieving a uniform free chlorine concentration at the end of the treated section is intended to be what value?
• On a pump curve, which items are plotted on the vertical axis?
• The ________ thread has a ________ diameter and steeper taper, which gives it greater strength than the _______ thread.
• What type of water distribution system configuration generally has smaller mains and terminates as dead ends?
• Which pipe material, when new, has a C value of 150?
• Polyethylene pipe behaves under freezing compared to PVC by:
• How many pounds of high test hypochlorite (HTH) are needed to make exactly 500 gal of a 10.0% HTH solution?
• Which factor is one of the primary determinants of how often microbiological contaminants are sampled in a water system?
• Disinfection Monitoring, Evaluation, Adjustment, and Laboratory Analysis/Interpretation is best described as which part of the standard process?
• During extremely severe winter, frost depth penetration is how many times deeper than average?
• What term describes the movement of organic compounds through plastic pipe walls under pressure?
• it is best to use _______ to determine the hydrolic grade line
• Turbine meters have ______, but water must be moving at sufficient speed before the ______ will start to rotate.
• If a water system's unaccounted for water loss exceeds _______, a system wide leak survey should be conducted.
• A pressure relief valve is essentially a globe valve with an adjustable what?
• Auxiliary cross connections oversight is typically by which entity?
• Internal pipeline corrosion control is usually implemented to reduce lead, copper and _____
• Backfill for a newly installed pipe above the springline varies depending on ____________
• Storage tank screens can become clogged, usually with ________.
• If storage tank screens are clogged with ice, what feature should be installed to relieve excess pressure and vacuum?
• Under what condition should a fire hydrant be installed at the end of a dead-end main?
• During a new pipe installation leak test, what is the preferred method for measuring makeup water volume?
• Old pipes should be cleaned if they show signs of ____________
• The slug method is usually used for what size mains?
• Where is the operating valve for a dry barrel fire hydrant located?
• In hydrant testing, recording information supports which objectives?
• Which option is a legitimate method used to place grout in the annular space between the well face and the casing?
• CFS stands for which of the following?
• Which chemical decreases corrosion rates?
• Simply flooding the backfilled or partially backfilled trench will result in good compaction only when ________.
• A sonic meter that measures water velocity works by sending out sound pulses which way?
• Due to limited choice of fittings, a combination of special fittings must be made for which pipe type?
• For flushing after installation, what are the minimum and preferred velocities?
• In all motors fitted with ball bearings, roller bearings, or both, the bearing housings are fitted with _____ to keep the grease in and the dirt out
• The major performance catagories for drinking water distribution system operations are ____________.
• What component is encountered immediately after the pump on the discharge side?
• When disinfecting storage facilities using the surface application method, how long should the applied disinfection be in contact with all surfaces before portable water is introduced into the tank?
• If the groundwater head doubles from 7.15 ft to 14.30 ft, the upward force would be approximately which value?
• When testing a hydrant at full flow, it is best to use a _______.
• What is an operator's primary defense against back flow from cross connections?
• Which data duration is recommended to establish energy baselines?
• Well surging will dislodge fine material from the _______.
• During a well capacity test, the standard initial measurement interval and subsequent interval?
• What unit is equal to a milligram per liter in water quality measurements?
• What type of meter measures water velocity by sending sound pulses and measuring travel time?
• This type of pump generates high velocity water and has relatively low cost and maintenance.
• Single-family residences are most commonly served with which service line size?
• Underwater inspection of storage facilities by divers or submersible equipment should follow which standard?
• What is the hydrostatic pressure at the base in pounds per square foot due to a groundwater head of 7.15 ft?
• In a pressure tap for a main, the cut is referred to as a ______, and it should be _______.
• Which compound is the principal trihalomethane in disinfection byproducts?
• What type of hydrants have no main valve?
• If _________ tie-rods are used for restraining pipe, they should be coated or covered for protection against corrosion.
• What type of pipe consists of one or more steel cages of welded wire fabric of helically wrapped rods welded to longitudinal rods?
• What can an air pocket in a water main cause?
• Hydrants installed with a new main should be pressure tested along with the main, and the hydrant's auxiliary valves should be closed during the test. Which statement best reflects the correct practice?
• Water high in nitrates can cause which condition?
• When a section of pipe is replaced, the new piece must have a pressure reading ________ of the piece being replaced.
• Chloramine produces which characteristic and is generally relatively what for Giardia compared to chlorine?
• In the context of calcium hypochlorite tablets used for disinfection, what does 65.0% refer to?
• Which instrument is used to measure system pressure in the distribution network?
• In push-on joints, which end is beveled?
• In a new pipe installation, leakage is defined as the volume of water that must be added to the 'full' pipeline to maintain a specific test pressure within a __________ range
• For a TON chlorine cylinder, which emergency kit is proper?
• In the material, water flowing from a newly drilled aquifer without pumping is described as an artesian wall. What is the term used for this phenomenon?
• Part III focuses on which elements of disinfection monitoring and laboratory analysis?
• Which organization is typically responsible for developing contingency plans for natural disasters in the utility sector?
• When dosing chemicals in a storage tank to achieve proper mixing, which practice should be followed?
• How much surface area is contained by a tank that has a radius of 62.5 ft?
• Auxiliary water sources regarding cross connections can fall under the supervision of which entity?
• Steel pipe should be coated and provided with cathodic protection under what soil conditions?
• Convert 4,994 gpm to cubic meters per second.
• When disinfecting storage facilities using the chlorinate and fill method, how long should the chlorinated water stay in contact with the storage facility before filling it all the way?
• Cross-connection supervision usually falls under which authorities?
• What element is found in all acids?
• Which option is NOT a stated purpose of the discharge-side relief valve?
• When testing a new pipeline installation for leakage and pressure with a fire hydrant, what extra piece of equipment is needed?
• Backfill above the springline is influenced by which governing factor?
• In a new pipe installation leak test, what is the preferred method for measuring makeup water volume?
• A ___________ seat ring is a ____________ ring mounted in the body of a ____________, against which the moving disc of the valve closes.
• A cone valve opens when the rotating ______ is turned through 90 degrees.
• What is the weight per gallon of the sodium hypochlorite solution used in these dosage calculations?
• What is described as the heart of the information system for water utilities?
• Metals entering the distribution system via cross-connections can cause what health effects?
• Butterfly valves are suitable for throttling under which conditions?
• Which authority is typically responsible for cross-connection control oversight?
• Which of the following options best represents the soil volume for a trench measuring 112 ft by 4.5 ft by 5.9 ft?
• Flushing a pipe after installation requires a flow velocity of at least __________ and preferably _________
• Under groundwater allocation, what term describes the rights of users to groundwater based on proportion?
• What is the unit used to express hydrostatic bottom pressure?
• What is the most likely threat to drinking water system?
• The upper barrel section of a hydrant is often called the _______ section or head.
• Determine the volume in gallons for the following distribution system: Distribution Pipe A: 489 ft in length, and 2.0 ft in diameter; Distribution Pipe B: 2,655 ft in the length and 1.5 ft in diameter; Storage Tank: 91 ft in diameter and a water height of 27.02 ft.
• Which two plastics are typically used for water service lines?
• What type of pipe uses elastomeric gaskets?
• Which statement about velocity-type flow meters is true?
• Throttling a pump against a gate valve should be avoided because it will ________.
• The most serious example of water changing in the distribution system from the water that entered the system at the water plant is which of the following?
• What restricts the flow between the impeller discharge and suction areas in a centrifugal pump to prevent excessive water circulation between the two?
• Which threat is least likely to occur for a water distribution system?
• In a Reduced Pressure Zone Backflow Preventer, when the supply pressure exceeds the downstream pressure, the relief valve's spring tension keeps the valve closed. Which option corresponds?
• Which devices are normally located in the safety switch just ahead of the starter?
• What type of valve is specially designed gate valve used to connect a new water main to an existing main under pressure?
• Which component closes against the moving disc of the valve?
• In the 50.1 mg/L dosage problem, what percentage of calcium hypochlorite tablets were taped to the pipe?
• Displacement meters measure flow by registering the number of fills and empties of the meter chamber. Which statement best describes this type of meter?
• What is the psi 15 ft above the bottom of a lake that is 367 ft deep?
• The most common means of disinfecting water mains is the use of
• What is the problem with using ordinary comprehensive maps as basic layouts for a water utility?
• Which organization will develop standards related to drinking water according to the material?
• When disinfecting a new pipeline using the chlorine tablet or granule methods, it cannot be used on which pipe type?
• Convert 7.94 mgd to cubic feet per second.
• Copper tubing used in interior plumbing is usually joined with which type of joints, and copper that is buried is usually joined with which type?
• Power is defined as what?
• Which statement about the largest hydrant nozzle is correct?
• What usually accounts for most of the energy used in the water supply when gravity cannot be used?
• What type of mechanical pipe cleaning unit has high carbon spring steel blades?
• Which statement describes a key health consideration when selecting water treatment chemicals?
• If a dead end main is at least ______ in diameter and has sufficient ______, a fire hydrant should be installed at the end of the pipe.
• What should an operator inspect first if a reduced pressure zone backflow preventer leaks at the vent?
• Critical pump equipment that is operated continuously may require ______ inspections; less critical pump equipment may be inspected ______.
• pH is a measure of?
• Which type of distribution system piping generally runs straight lines and has few side connections?
• What is the proper emergency kit for a TON chlorine cylinder?
• Venturi meters are accurate for a certain range of flows and have long been used for measuring flows in which type of pipelines?
• where would the best place for hydrants to be located?
• Nitrates and nitrites that get into the distribution system due to a cross connection will cause what?
• Based on the given example, what is the meter error percentage?
• Each calcium hypochlorite tablet weighs 0.42 lb. In a disinfection calculation, what is the weight of one tablet?
• The bottom of a trench for a drinking water installation should have compacted soil to provide what?
• Valve vault drains in a water distribution system should be connected to which of the following?
• Butterfly valves can be used for throttling under ____________ and ___________ conditions.
• The pipeline network design should strive to eliminate or at least reduce the number of _______.
• Fire protection for a community is based on the size of the ________.
• What would not require sample collection and analysis in the distribution system?
• Which compound is commonly used to raise pH by increasing alkalinity in water treatment?
• Chloramine residuals can decompose to release ammonia; this can promote which water quality process?
• Flare fittings are available for connecting lengths of copper tubing and adapting to iron pipe thread; the same fittings can also be used for which material of the same dimensions?
• A level _____________ sanitary assessment is triggered if a public water source has ________ of the routine and repeat monthly samples as total coliform positive.
• What kind of gas can cause lung and skin irritation?
• What is the purpose of a check valve?
• What is provided on starts to prevent the pump motor from burning out if abnormal operating conditions increase the load beyond the pump's design?
• Which factor is included as a cause of gasket deterioration?
• The aesthetic qualities of water include _____
• According to best practices, what percentage of new meters should a water utility test?
• What is the primary symptom of salmonellosis?
• Storage facility water quality design considerations must conform to the latest standards from which two organizations?
• Which backflow prevention device is used at the portable meter in this context?
• A water tank with capacity of 2.85 MG is being filled at a rate of 1,750 gpm. How many hours will it take to fill the tank?
• What will high water pressure cause?
• Which gas can cause lung and skin irritation?
• Which factors influence how often a pump motor’s oil should be changed after the initial change?
• Which backflow prevention device best prevents backflow in high-hazard cross-connection zones and serves as the final barrier?
• To prevent leakage at the point where the shaft protrudes through the case, either _________ are used to seal the space between these two.
• It has been documented that ________ can pass through the walls of plastic pipe even though the pipe is carrying water under pressure. This process by which molecules pass through this plastic pipe is called
• The 4-log inactivation requirement is for which group?
• A cone valve has a movable internal part that is cone shaped and is opened when the rotating ______ is turned through an angle of 90 degrees
• The potential hazard for this cross connection system is high.
• What is the internal surface area, in square feet, of a cylindrical tank with a diameter of 65.0 ft and a height of 24.0 ft, assuming the top is flat?
• A confined aquifer is a ______ of rock that is ______ that is (are) relatively ______.
• The dry barrel hydrant should be completely opened when is use to
• If a circular storage tank has a diameter of 103 ft, what is its approximate circumference?
• PVC fittings can be used with other pipe types when they share the same outside diameter; which material is commonly paired with PVC for fittings?
• Which statement best describes the pump type commonly used as a booster pump in distribution systems?
• In bearing housings, which component is used to keep grease in and dirt out?
• What tool is used to connect service lines 2 inches or smaller?
• Absorption pits are used to receive drains from which source?
• What backflow prevention device is, at a minimum, required at the portable meter for domestic water booster pumps?
• Compared with push-on joints, mechanical joints are typically:
• On a turbine water meter, the volume reading is directly proportional to the revolutions of which component?
• If a water main cannot be installed at an adequate depth to prevent freezing, Styrofoam insulation above the pipe should extend: how far above the pipe?
• Why should gaskets for piping not be stored next to electrical motors?
• What were the pipe dimensions used in the disinfection calculation?
• Which statement is NOT a consequence of high water pressure?
• What type of thrust control is best on vertical bends?
• Which valve feature helps reduce the effort required to operate a main valve by lowering the pressure across the valve disk?
• A hydrant should be operable with a hydrant wrench of what length, and if a longer one is needed, what action should be taken?
• What important role do system operators play in a water utility's pipeline rehabilitation and replacement program?
• Which two types of customers dislike day-to-day changes in hardness, taste, temperature, or chemical composition?
• Which abbreviation represents flow rate in millions of gallons per day?
• The primary factor affecting power requirements for pumps is
• What is the diameter of the tank in feet?
• What is the most popular pipe joint?
• What type of plastic is generally used for water services?
• What rule that sets MCL's for harmful chemicals?
• If soil is unstable, a granular bedding material is specified before laying new pipe. How thick should this material be?
• A partially underground water storage tank is 49.5 ft in diameter and 18.0 ft high. If the ground water is 7.15 ft above the base, what is the upward force of water pressure lifting the tank?
• What type of soil transmits the best noise?
• How often should water storage tanks be cleaned and inspected?
• All hydrants should be inspected at least every how many years?
• The operating nut on top of a hydrant is ________ sided
• The main distribution system performance catagories that are included in the distribution system operator objective are _________
• When using a trench box, the trench width should be how much greater than the outside diameter of the pipe?
• Most control valves in a water distribution system are intended to do what?
• The rule that governs maximum contaminant levels for disinfection byproducts is called the
• What type of blades do metal scrapers have on their body sections?
• The primary agency in a state is designated by the Governor, and the primacy agency can be which entity?
• In a full storage facility chlorination method using sodium hypochlorite, the hypochlorite should be poured into the tank when the water reaches a level of ________ deep.
• Most corrosive characteristics and conditions affected the _______ of a soil.
• In the same example, how long was the water volume delivered?
• What pipe is especially prone to sliding out of a push on joint?
• Which compound is a byproduct formed during chlorination and belongs to disinfection byproducts?
• Which term describes a direct connection between a potable water system and an unregulated source that can introduce contaminants?
• The easiest leak to detect with an electronic amplifier is ___________.
• An operator knows the water table is falling if the _________
• Which type of hydrants have the main valve controlling flow to all outlet nozzles and no drain mechanism?
• Which formula correctly expresses concentration of a slurry by weight percent?
• What is the most important purpose that backfill serves in a trench for a water line?
• After packing rings are installed firmly, by how much should you back off the gland nuts before starting the pump?
• Which device is used to protect the pump motor from overload during starts?
• Ductile iron pipe resembles what other type of pipe?
• What type of soil is the worst for transmitting noise?
• Which nozzle size configuration is typical for hydrants, matching two 2.5-inch nozzles and one 4.5-inch nozzle?
• A meter shows 118.4 ft^3, and a volumetric tank indicates the actual volume is 900.1 gal. What is the percent meter accuracy?
• Which term describes a pipe's capacity to last a long time without frequent maintenance due to its toughness and ability to maintain joints?
• Fire fighting will never cause low pressure and backsiphonage in the water distribution system.
• Each major item in a vulnerability assessment has critical security related physical components. These include __________
• What is the primary purpose of backfill in a trench for a water pipe installation?
• What are the two principal types of rotary valves?
• Which condition is the reason to install Styrofoam insulation above a buried water main?
• If algae in the water source is clogging the filters of the water plant the most probable solution is to?
• What type of water distribution configuration generally has smaller mains and terminates as dead ends?
• Which of the following describes the effect of an oversized meter at low flow?
• What are the major disadvantages of pits for water meters in cold climates?
• What can be used to relieve and preventing surges?
• What USEPA regulation requires consumer confidence reports to be provided to its customers?
• After the first oil change for a pump motor, future oil changes should be performed every ________, depending on manufacturer recommendations, operating frequency, and environmental conditions.
• The pumping water level in a well is 16.4 ft. If the drawdown was 14.2 ft, what must have been the static water level in the well?
• What is an advantage for installing a meter pit in areas with deep frost?
• A small day tank of sodium hypochlorite solution is 3.5 ft in diameter and loses 0.35 ft in 24 hours. How many milliliters per minute of hypochlorite solution was used?
• Customers that have a wide variation in water use should be supplied with a
• If a storage tank has a circumference of 323 ft, what is its approximate diameter?
• Large water mains that surround and contribute water supply within a grid from several different directions would be an?
• A tank is 74.5 ft in diameter and 42.5 ft to the overflow. If there are 1,375,000 gal of water in the tank, what is the psi at the bottom of the tank?
• What type of measuring level system has to compensate for the air temperature because the speed of sound in air varies with temperature?
• The transmission of sounds is best in __________ and __________, whereas they are the worst in __________ and __________.
• What is the diameter of the pipe in the 50.1 mg/L dosage problem?
• Sampling for this particular site could be continuous, daily or on a weekly basis.
• A well produces 121 gpm. If the drawdown for the well is 13.8 ft, what is the specific yield in gpm/ft?
• What is the velocity of flow in feet per second for an 8.00-in.-diameter pipe if it delivers 385 gpm?
• Which protection devices are normally located in the safety switch just ahead of the motor starter?
• What is the most common cause of pipe joint failure?
• What was the resulting chlorine dose in mg/L when 22.6 gallons of 9.5% sodium hypochlorite solution were used to treat 725,000 gallons of water?
• Which booster pump is typically used in distribution systems?
• What determines the size of a service pipe?
• Which standard governs underwater inspection of storage facilities?
• In a sewage treatment plan an ______________ is required to isolate an area inside the plant and a ___________ at the portable meter.
• If a well produces 107 gpm with a drawdown of 22.5 ft, what is the specific yield in gpm/ft?
• Records of turbidity analysis must be kept for at least how many years?
• What target disinfection dose (mg/L) was used in the calculation?
• Reinforced concrete pipe has a disadvantage in soils with high chloride content. Which statement best describes this issue?
• A tachometer generator is a sensor for measuring the __________
• What type of valve should be used when the pressure to be regulated is relatively low and tight shutoff is not important?
• It may take 30 min or more to fully open or close this type of large valve
• When disinfecting a pipe, the chlorine solution is introduced at the point where the new main connects to the existing system through what component?
• Which access control method is the most reliable and flexible for facility access?
• A small tank containing 8,500 gal of water needs to be disinfected to be put back in service. If the dosage needed is 50 mg/L, how many pounds of sodium hypochlorite that has 12.5% available chlorine are required?
• If the first disinfection test for a pipe does not meet minimum standards, what is the recommended next step?
• Lead (Pb) service lines are now being eliminated _________.
• What type of pipe, if dewatered rapidly, has the potential to collapse?
• Storage tanks should also have _________ to relieve excess pressure and vacuum if the screens become blocked.
• In a pressure reducing valve, the two upper operating chambers are separated by which component?
• Which component is used to contain pressurized water during a wet tap?
• What is the height to the overflow of the tank in feet?
• In a magnetic flowmeter, water passing through the magnetic field induces a small flow of electrified current that is _______, which is converted to flow rate.
• If the jets in a multi jet meter become ___________, the meter will ___________. If the jet orifice becomes __________, the meter will ____________.
• If a hydrant is taken out of service for repairs, who must be notified?
• A distribution pipe is 1.93 mi long. What is the volume of water in gallons if the pipe is 2.00 ft in diameter for a length of 1.46 mi and 18.0 in for the remainder?
• What pipe quality provides for long life, toughness, and the ability to maintain tight joints with little or no maintenance?
• Which statement correctly identifies a method used to place grout around a well casing?
• Which statement describes the strength relevant to pipe bending that could cause breakage when resting on rock?
• In regards to trench excavations, tills with low moisture content would be most similar to which material?
• In pumping terms, the vertical distance water must be raised by a pump is referred to as what?
• Of the following, which pipe type is still manufactured and used in the US?
• Which statement best describes the role of turbine pumps in distribution systems?
• If a tank's radius is 49.8 ft, what is the area of the tank's bottom?
• How are distribution pump operations controlled?
• After about what period of initial full service operation on a new pump, or as directed by the manufacturer, all bearings should be regreased?
• A faucet delivers water at 13.9 gpm. How long will it take to fill a swimming pool that is 32 ft by 21 ft and averages 5.4 ft in depth?
• Which regulation requires sanitary surveys for drinking water systems?
• In reinforced concrete piping installations, what condition necessitates extra protection?
• Which pipe material is generally favored for water quality, alongside PVC and Concrete Pressure?
• Pipe ___________ breakage may occur when a force exerted on a pipe exceeds the materials ___________ or _____________ strength.
• Velocity-based flow meters assume laminar flow through the meter and require minimum straight pipe distance on which sides of the meter?
• What is the average daily flow from a storage tank in mgd?
• Which parameter is commonly used to monitor microbial activity in a distribution system and is not a specific pathogen test?
• Determine the flow velocity in ft/s for water flowing at 315 gpm through an 8.0 in pipe.
• In a flow measurement context, which property does the signal from a magnetic flowmeter correlate to?
• Which pipe type is no longer installed in the United States?
• Which valve type is used for high-pressure shutoff in pump discharge and is commonly called Large plug valves?
• This type of meter sends an electrical signal to a remote register mounted outside the building after a particular amount of water is used
• During an excavation to install a water line, what utility must workers be careful of because it often looks like a tree root?
• Which instrument is best to determine the hydraulic grade line in a distribution system?
• What is the pump design called if it has the impeller mounted on a separate shaft, which is connected to the motor with a coupling?
• Gaskets can be ruined by which of the following factors?
• HTH stands for what in water disinfection?
• Nitrates and nitrites entering a distribution system due to a cross-connection lead to which infant health concern?
• Which standard covers materials that come into contact with potable water?
• Mechanical joints __________
• When using a trench box, trench width should be ___________ greater than the outside diameter of the pipe.
• What type of valve do newer style curb stops use?
• The first type of cleaning pig to be sent through a main is called
• What is a disadvantage to using reinforced concrete pipe?
• What is the head loss in psi for a pipe with a water velocity of 2.95 fps?
• In a wet tap, how do operators contain the pressurized water?
• Which unit is used for velocity of flow in the example calculation?
• Why should a water meter be placed as close to the property line as possible?
• For electrical fires, which option correctly describes the extinguishing agents to use and what to avoid?
• Small motors are usually operated at
• Convert 1,750 gpm to gallons per hour.
• Which statement best describes the policy position on AWWA standards compliance?
• Internal combustion coolant should be checked with a ______, and if the coolant is low, ______ should be added, but never add ______.
• Compared to distribution mains, which characteristics do transmission mains typically have?
• In trench backfill compaction practices, if native soil is used and it is relatively dense, compaction should be performed on the backfill that is located?
• What is a key advantage of using mechanical seals when operating properly?
• What type of backflow prevention device is not recommended as protection in situations where a health hazard may result from failure?
• What is the location of a lantern ring on a pump?
• If a pump moves 435,000 gal in 48 hours, how many gallons will it move in 7 hours under the same conditions?
• Lead is hazardous if consumed in __________, particularly for __________.
• Which statement correctly describes how copper tubing is joined based on location (indoor vs buried)?
• What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure (in psi) at a depth of 124.7 ft of water?
• On a 90 degree or 45 degree pipe bend, if shackle rods are used, they should be placed in _________ and be on the _________ of the bend.
• If 18 lb of soda ash are mixed with 75 gal of water, what will the percentage of soda ash in the resulting slurry?
• A pipe 2.5 ft in diameter, 4,408 ft long, is disinfected with 12.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. If the desired dose is 25 mg/L, how many gallons of sodium hypochlorite are needed?
• Wide trenching should be avoided in which soil type when installing small-diameter pipes?
• The pipe length used in the 50.1 mg/L dosage problem was which of the following?
• When confirming that a well will produce at its design capacity, drawdown measurements are initially measured and recorded every _____ during the first hour, then at gradually longer intervals, typically at ______ intervals as the test progresses.
• The overflow pipe from an elevated tank should be brought down from the maximum tank level to about how many feet off the ground surface?
• At what percentage slope inclination do contractors find it easier to lay the pipe during an installation with the bells facing uphill?
• Which parameter would not indicate a water quality problem with direct potential to impact public health?
• The type of auxiliary valve most often used is directly connected to the hydrant by what type of connection?
• What is the volume, in gallons, of a trapezoidal trough?
• What soils can be easily and safely excavated?
• Which water quality issue can be considered both a chemical and biological issue?
• It is best to have an ______ to prevent the collapse of a pipe when it is being emptied.
• Air and vacuum relief valves should be located at high points and blowoff valves should be located at low points in the distribution system. Which statement describes their placement?
• In planning hydrant placement, which option is most associated with maximizing access at major street nodes?
• If the static level is unchanged but the drawdown is decreasing, what does this indicate about the pump?
• Using the base area and hydrostatic pressure, what is the upward force on the tank?
• A treatment plant uses 318 lb/d of chlorine and treats 23.4 ft^3/s. The resulting chlorine dose is approximately which mg/L?
• Service lines that are more than 2 in. in diameter are usually made of
• What is the drawdown of a well that yields 129 gpm with a specific yield of 45 gpm/ft?
• The most common meter register records the flow in which of the following units?
• Under the bioterrorism-related act, a drinking water utility serving more than how many people must perform vulnerability assessment updates or complete an emergency response plan and certify to USEPA?
• Which material is not approved for a temporary emergency waterline?
• A water utility typically completes a water audit over what period?
• Which factors are key for system design and important to consider when expanding distribution systems?
• Generally, which pipe materials are ranked by utilities as the most favorable for maintaining water quality?
• What is the main objective of the Lead and Copper Rule?
• This type of valve reduces the differential pressure across the closed disk and makes the main valve easier to open and close.
• Pressure head is best described as which?
• What meter type is recommended for customers with wide variation in water use?
• Drawdown in a pumped well is observed as
• A meter being tested reads 3,685 L. A volumetric tank shows the actual value is 3,788 L. What is the percentage accuracy of the meter?
• If special trench bedding material is required for a pipe installation, it should be clean, __________, granular material up to __________ in size.
• Which rule governs public notification requirements for drinking water systems?
• Wide trenches should be avoided for small diameter pipe, particularly in which soil type?
• Which statement best describes the issue with meter pits in cold climates?
• For a water utility to improve its energy use, it should have at least ___________ of energy and cost data to establish a baseline.
• How often should the anodes be inspected in a cathodic protected water storage tank?
• Before a confined space is entered, an employer is required to have _________
• Which combination of facilities is listed as requiring the highest level of cross-connection and backflow protection?
• If a water tank has a volume of 3.25 MG and the flow from the tank is 6.10 mgd, what is the detention time in hours?
• When planning a pipeline flush, which two factors primarily determine how long the flush should take?
• What type of hydrant has the barrel filled with water only when the main valve is open?
• Which of these is a displacement meter, which measures flow by registering the number of times the meter chamber is filled and emptied?
• The measurement devices most commonly used for measuring large quantities of water are ______ flow meters.
• What is a drawdown?
• What kinds of methods are used to place grout in the annular space between the well face and the casing?
• How can water operators control water age in the distribution system?
• The tank capacity value 2.85 MG is expressed in which unit?
• How long may it take to fully open or close a horizontal gate valve?
• Under the Revised Total Coliform Rule, which indicator is used to assess potential contamination pathways into the distribution system?
• Convert 73.4% to decimal form.
• Natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods, need contingency plans that are developed by the __________.
• Which formula best represents the circumference of a circle in terms of diameter?
• What is the psi at a point 15 ft above the bottom of a lake that is 367 ft deep?
• What is the numeric well yield given in the drawdown example?
• Double check valves should be installed in areas that ___________ as the ____________ can form a cross connection if submerged
• What is the base area of the 49.5 ft diameter circular tank in square feet?
• What is the internal surface area value of the cylindrical tank with diameter 65 ft and height 24 ft?
• Which device is mostly used to detect a power loss and initiate a switchover to another power source?
• A cone valve has a moveable internal part that is cone shaped and is opened when the rotating ______ is turned through an angle of 90 degrees so fluid can pass through a machined port
• What is the National Secondary Drinking Water Regulation for aluminum?
• Which of the following is considered an aesthetic quality of drinking water?
• The storage tank with diameter 91 ft and height 27.02 ft has an approximate volume in gallons of which of the following?
• This type of flowmeter measures the velocity based on the difference between the flow's dynamic pressure and the static pressure
• Before pressure and leakage tests are done for a new pipe installation, allow at least ______ days for the concrete used for thrust blocks to cure.
• A dry barrel fire hydrant is used to?
• The line on the spigot end of the push on joints needs to be pushed 'home' such that the line __________, when the joint is set completely, and the __________ end of the push on joint is the end that is beveled.
• Which pipe type matches the description of steel cages of welded wire fabric with helically wrapped rods?
• After a new pipeline has passed the bacteriological tests, the highly chlorinated water should be flushed until the water exiting the pipe has a chlorine residual of __________.
• When a distribution operator is confronted with the media due to a problem, the best course is to